Association of Red Meat Intake with the Risk of Cardiovascular Mortality in General Japanese Stratified by Kidney Function: NIPPON DATA80

The consumption of red meat has been recommended for individuals with reduced kidney function. However, red meat intake was recently suspected to increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We evaluated the association of red meat intake with CVD mortality risk in Japanese with/without reduced kidney function. Overall, 9112 participants of a Japanese national survey in 1980, aged ≥30 years, were followed for 29 years. Red meat intake was assessed using weighed dietary record. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of CVD mortality according to sex-specific tertiles of red meat intake. We also performed stratified analyses with/without reduced kidney function defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m². Red meat intake was not associated with CVD mortality risk in men and women. In stratified analyses, the HR of the highest compared with the lowest tertile of red meat intake was lower only in women with reduced kidney function (0.67, 95% confidence interval 0.46–0.98). In conclusion, there were no clear associations between red meat intake and CVD mortality risk in Japanese population; however, a higher intake of red meat was associated with lower risk of future CVD mortality in women with reduced kidney function.     

2020新生儿机械通气时气道内吸引操作指南

气道内吸引是患儿接受机械通气时常用且必要的侵入性操作，整个过程包括病人的准备、吸引及后续护理，可能伴随不良事件的发生。现基于国内外相关研究，采用证据推荐分级的评估、制订与评价方法（GRADE），制定新生儿机械通气时气道内吸引的操作指南，旨在促进这一操作规范化实施，保证病人安全。     

肿瘤突变负荷检测及临床应用中国专家共识（2020年版）

 肿瘤突变负荷（tumor mutational burden，TMB）作为一个新兴的生物标志物，在预测肿瘤免疫治疗疗效中的作用越来越受到重视。目前TMB的检测方法主要是基于高通量测序平台的全外显子测序和靶向Panel测序的拟合算法，但检测方法、阈值和报告格式缺乏统一标准。此外，TMB值在不同癌种中存在显著差异，也为该标志物在临床中规范应用带来困难。本共识围绕TMB的定义、临床意义、检测标准化及与其他免疫标志物如PD-L1、dMMR/MSI-H的关系等要点，结合中国实践，为临床提供8条TMB检测及应用共识推荐。希望本专家共识可以提高临床医师及检测人员对TMB临床意义及检测规范的认识，从而更加准确地解读检测结果，为患者提供更优质的临床服务。     

中国卒中后认知障碍防治研究专家共识

中国卒中学会于2019年5月4日在杭州召开了中国脑血管病圆桌会议第三次全国会议(血管性认知障碍专题)。来自全国各地专家共同讨论了中国卒中后认知障碍(post-stroke cognitive impairment,PSCI)可防可治战略目标研究框架,形成本专家共识。流行病学调查研究显示,2010年,全球卒中患病率为502.3/10万,年发病率为257.96/10万,病死率为88.41/10万[1],而我国卒中患病率为1114.8/10万,年发病率为246.8/10万,病死率为114.8/10万[2],且卒中已成为我国首位致死性疾病[3]。     

Family history of cancer and subsequent risk of cancer: A large-scale population-based prospective study in Japan

Family history (FH) of cancer is an important factor of increased risk of several cancers. Although the association between FH of cancer and concordant cancer risk has been reported in many previous epidemiological studies, no comprehensive prospective study with adjustment for lifestyle habits has evaluated the association of FH of cancer and concordant cancer risk. We investigated the association between FH of cancer and concordant cancer risk in a Japanese population-based prospective study, initiated in 1990 for cohort I and in 1993 for cohort II. We analyzed data on 103,707 eligible subjects without a history of cancer who responded to a self-administered questionnaire including FH of cancer at baseline. Study subjects were followed through 2012 and analyzed using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models. During 1,802,581 person-years of follow-up, a total of 16,336 newly diagnosed cancers were identified. Any site (Hazard ratios = 1.11 (95% confidence interval = 1.07–1.15]), esophagus (2.11 [1.00–4.45]), stomach (1.36 [1.19–1.55]), liver (1.69 [1.10–2.61]), pancreas (2.63 [1.45–4.79]), lung (1.51 [1.14–2.00]), uterus (1.93 [1.06–3.51]) and bladder cancers (6.06 [2.49–14.74]) with FH of the concordant cancer were associated with an increased risk compared to those without FH. Our findings suggest that having FH of cancer is associated with an increased risk of several concordant cancer incidences in an Asian population. Enquiring about FH of several types of cancer may be important in identifying groups at high-risk of those cancers.     

Survival of malignant mesothelioma and other rare thoracic cancers in Germany and the United States: A population-based study

Evidence on survival of malignant mesothelioma (MM) and other rare thoracic cancers is limited due to the rarity of these cancer sites. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of MM incidence and survival after MM and other rare thoracic cancers in Germany and the United States (US). Incidence was estimated from a German National Cancer Database and from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) 18 database for 2000–2014. Patients diagnosed in 1997–2013 with malignant epithelial tumors of the trachea (Etra), epithelial tumors of the thymus (Ethy) and MM were extracted from a German cancer survival database and from the SEER 13 database. Period analysis was employed to compute 5-year relative survival (RS). During 2000–2014, an annual average of 0.9 and 0.6 MM cases per 100,000 person-years was diagnosed in Germany and the US. Rates decreased in Germany and in the US. Patients with Ethy had highest 5-year RS with US patients surviving longer (69.1% compared to 63.7%, p = 0.02). Survival after Etra was comparable in both countries (Germany 33.6%, US 34.4%, p = 0.07). Survival in MM patients was poor overall (Germany 11.8%, US 12.1%, p < 0.01). Survival improvements were only observed in MM patients in Germany (10.8% [2002–2007] vs. 13.0% [2008–2013], p < 0.01). The lack of progress in survival for Etra and Ethy patients underlines the need of novel preventive, therapeutic and diagnostic approaches. MM incidence significantly decreased in Germany and in the US. Further monitoring of MM incidence is warranted given that a peak in incidence is expected in 2020–2030 in Western countries.